Most intestinal tumors affect the large intestine, and few of them affect the small intestine. Most tumors are caused by malignant changes to the cells of the mucosa that cover the intestines, initially benign tumors appear and can develop into intestinal cancer, there is a possibility to remove these benign tumors through the endoscope but when changes occur , Malignant is needed to be removed by intestinal tumor surgery.

Complete removal of malignant tumor is the only technique that can lead to the complete recovery of the disease before it spreads.The goal of the surgery is to remove the intestinal section infected with the disease, and to maintain the continuity of the digestive system, the remaining two ends are connected after surgery, which is called binding. in which lymphatic drainage is done from infected cells.

The type of surgery is determined by the location of the tumor in the Large Intestine , and the part that should be removed according to the nature of the blood vessels and related lymphatic located in the area of the intestinal tract, so it is common to remove whole parts of the intestine with common blood supply, the removal of the large intestine right, horizontal or left, the x-section of the large intestine and the rectum is the most common procedure.

If there are several tumors at the same time in several parts of the colon, it is possible to use a more extended removal until a near-complete removal of the large intestine. However, complete colectomy is very important to reduce the recurrence of the cancerous tumor, when the tumor is lower in the rectum and closer to the anus, then it is not possible to connect the intestine after surgery, and the healthy end of the intestine must be removed through the abdominal wall in the form of a colostomy and this remains for life.

There are cases where the first symptom of the disease is serious and emergency surgery is required, the most frequent cases leading to emergency surgery, are the blockage of the intestine due to the tumor or hole in the intestine due to the penetration of the tumor into all layers of the intestinal wall. In some cases it is possible to do bowel ablation with the tumor and connect in the same process, in some cases the blocked colon is very extensive and the patient's general condition is difficult in such a case the connection can cause bleeding and expose the patient to contamination. The most appropriate treatment is blocked colonectomy and intestinal gap, in which case this is temporary and the opening can be closed after several weeks through additional surgery in which both ends of the intestine are connected.

During surgery, the tumor must be removed and in most cases a temporary gap is created in the abdominal wall, because the process of connectivity in the case of peritonitis can lead to leakage. In the vital organs of the body prevents the possibility of removal, and there is no point in removing the tumor when there are metastasis distributed extensively throughout the body, even if possible, Despite that the tumor that causes colon obstruction or bleeding will damage the quality of life of the patient, justifying the need for surgery. In such cases, a tumor can be removed. 

In recent years, laparoscopy technology has been used more frequently in this type of surgery. The removed part is also extracted through a small incision. This surgery is performed while maintaining the foundations of cancer medicine as it is done in open technology. 

But this modern technique helps the patient recover faster and better. Recovery from colon cancer is related to the stage at which the disease is present during surgery, this stage is classified according to the extent of the tumor's penetration into the colon wall, lymph node injury and the presence of metastasis away from the primary tumor. It is possible to remove the tumor again.